Anding AL, Nieves NJ, Abzianidze VV, Collins MD, Curley RW Jr, Clagett-Dame M (2011) 4-Hydroxybenzyl modification of the highly teratogenic retinoid, 4-[(1E)-2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propen-1-yl]benzoic acid (TTNPB), yields a compound that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and shows reduced teratogenicity. Chem Res Toxicol 24:1853–1861
Blount JD, McGraw KJ (2008) Signal functions of carotenoid colouration. In: Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen S, Pfander H (eds) Carotenoids, Volume 4: natural functions. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 213–236
Chapter Google Scholar
Britton G (2008) Functions of intact carotenoids. In: Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen S, Pfander H (eds) Carotenoids, Volume 4: natural functions. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 189–212
Chapter Google Scholar
Cifelli CJ, Green JB, Green MH (2007) Use of model-based compartmental analysis to study vitamin A kinetics and metabolism. Vitam Horm 75:161–195
Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1974) Nomenclature of carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 41:405–431
Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1982) Nomenclature of retinoids. Eur J Biochem 129:1–5
Commission on the Nomenclature of Biological Chemistry (1960) Definitive rules for the nomenclature of vitamins. J Am Chem Soc 82:5575–5581
Cramer PE, Cirrito JR, Wesson DW, Lee CYD, Karlo JC, Zinn AE, Casali BT, Restivo JL, Goebel WD, James MJ, Brunden KR, Wilson DA, Landreth GE (2012) ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear β-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models. Science 335:1503–1506
Curley RW Jr, Carson DL (1987) Synthesis of the 4-oxygenated retinoid metabolites. Drug Des Deliv 1:219–224
Dawson MI, Hobbs PD (1994) The synthetic chemistry of retinoids. In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Goodman DS (eds) The retinoids: biology, chemistry, and medicine, 2nd edn. Raven Press Ltd, New York, pp 5–178
Dominguez B, Alvarez A, de Lera AR (2003) Recent advances in the synthesis of retinoids. Org Prep Int 35:239–306
Dragnev KH, Ma T, Cyrus J, Galimberti F, Memoli V, Busch AM, Tsongalis GJ, Seltzer M, Johnstone D, Erkmen CP, Nugent W, Rigas JR, Liu X, Freemantle SJ, Kurie JM, Waxman S, Dmitrovsky E (2011) Bexarotene plus erlotinib suppress lung carcinogenesis independent of KRAS mutations in two clinical trials and transgenic models. Cancer Prev Res 4:818–828
Eroglu A, Hruszkewycz DP, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH (2010) The eccentric cleavage product of β-carotene, β-apo-13-carotenone, functions as an antagonist of RXRα. Arch Biochem Biophys 504:11–16
Eroglu A, Hruszkewycz DP, dela Sena C, Narayanasamy S, Riedl KM, Kopec RE, Schwartz SJ, Curley RW Jr, Harrison EH (2012) Naturally occurring eccentric cleavage products of provitamin A β-carotene function as antagonists of retinoic acid receptors. J Biol Chem 287:15886–15895
Ettre LS (1980) Evolution of liquid chromatography: a historical overview. In: Horvath C (ed) High-performance liquid chromatography: advances and perspectives. Academic Press Inc, New York, pp 2–74
Furr HC (2004) Analysis of retinoids and carotenoids: problems resolved and unsolved. J Nutr 134:281S–285S
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gudas LJ (2013) Retinoids induce stem cell differentiation via epigenetic changes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 24:701–705
Harrison EH (2012) Mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption of dietary vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:70–77
Hartman DA, Basil JB, Robertson LW, Curley RW Jr (1990) Microbial transformation of retinoic acid by Cunninghamella echinulata and Cunninghamella blakesleeana. Pharm Res 7:270–273
Julia M, Arnould D (1973) Use of sulfones in synthesis. III. Synthesis of vitamin A. Bull Soc Chim Fr 2:746–750
Kane MA (2012) Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:10–20
Karrer P, Helfenstein A, Wehrli H, Wettstein A (1930) Pflanzenfarbstoffe XXV. Uber die constitution des lycopins und carotins. Helv Chim Acta 13:1084–1099
Karrer P, Morf R, Schopp K (1931) Zur kenntnis des vitamins-A aus fischtranen. II. Helv Chim Acta 14:1431–1436
Kirby J, Keasling JD (2009) Biosynthesis of plant isoprenoids: perspectives for microbial engineering. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:335–355
Koch D, Gartner W (1997) Steric hindrance between chromophore substituents as the driving force of rhodopsin isomerization: 10-methyl-13-demethyl retinal containing rhodopsin. Photochem Photobiol 65:181–186
Landrum JT (2013) Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in biological systems: reactions and regulation by carotenoids. In: Tanumihardjo SA (ed) Carotenoids and human health. Springer, New York, pp 57–101
Chapter Google Scholar
le Maire A, Alvarez S, Shankaranarayanan P, de Lera AR, Bourguet W, Gronemeyer H (2012) Retinoid receptors and therapeutic applications of RAR/RXR modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 12:505–527
Lindshield BL, Canene-Adams K, Erdman JW (2007) Lycopenoids: are lycopene metabolites bioactive? Arch Biochem Biophys 458:136–140
Loeliger P, Bollag W, Mayer H (1980) Arotinoids, a new class of highly active retinoids. Eur J Med Chem 15:9–15
CAS Google Scholar
Maercker A (1965) The Wittig reaction. Org React 14:270–490
CAS Google Scholar
McCollum EV, Davis M (1913) Necessity of certain lipins in the diet during growth. J Biol Chem 15:167–175
CAS Google Scholar
Morton RA (1944) Chemical aspects of the visual process. Nature 153:69–71
Rivera SM, Canela-Garayoa R (2012) Analytical tools for the analysis of carotenoids in diverse materials. J Chromatogr A 1224:1–10
Sporn MB, Dunlop NM, Newton DL, Smith JS (1976) Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by a vitamin A and its synthetic analogs (retinoids). Fed Proc Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 35:1332–1338
CAS Google Scholar
Stephens-Jarnagin A, Miller DA, DeLuca HF (1985) The growth supporting activity of a retinoidal benzoic acid derivative and 4,4-difluororetinoic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 237:11–16
Tang G (2012) Techniques for measuring vitamin A activity from β-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 96(suppl):1185S–1188S
Valla AR, Cartier DL, Labia R (2004) Chemistry of natural retinoids and carotenoids: challenges for the future. Curr Org Synth 1:167–209
Wald G (1934) Carotenoids and the vitamin A cycle in vision. Nature 134:65
Widmer E (1985) Synthetic advances in the carotenoid field. Pure Appl Chem 57:741–752
Yeum K-J, Aldini G, Russell RM, Krinsky NI (2009) Antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of carotenoids. In: Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen S, Pfander H (eds) Carotenoids, Volume 5: nutrition and health. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 235–268
Chapter Google Scholar
